DNS promises API

The dns.promises API provides an alternative set of asynchronous DNS methods that return Promise objects rather than using callbacks. The API is accessible via require('node:dns').promises or require('node:dns/promises').

An independent resolver for DNS requests.

Creating a new resolver uses the default server settings. Setting the servers used for a resolver using resolver.setServers() does not affect other resolvers:

import { Resolver } from 'node:dns/promises';
const resolver = new Resolver();
resolver.setServers(['4.4.4.4']);

// This request will use the server at 4.4.4.4, independent of global settings.
const addresses = await resolver.resolve4('example.org');

const { Resolver } = require('node:dns').promises;
const resolver = new Resolver();
resolver.setServers(['4.4.4.4']);

// This request will use the server at 4.4.4.4, independent of global settings.
resolver.resolve4('example.org').then((addresses) => {
  // ...
});

// Alternatively, the same code can be written using async-await style.
(async function() {
  const addresses = await resolver.resolve4('example.org');
})();

The following methods from the dnsPromises API are available:

• resolver.getServers()
• resolver.resolve()
• resolver.resolve4()
• resolver.resolve6()
• resolver.resolveAny()
• resolver.resolveCaa()
• resolver.resolveCname()
• resolver.resolveMx()
• resolver.resolveNaptr()
• resolver.resolveNs()
• resolver.resolvePtr()
• resolver.resolveSoa()
• resolver.resolveSrv()
• resolver.resolveTlsa()
• resolver.resolveTxt()
• resolver.reverse()
• resolver.setServers()

resolver.cancel(): void

Cancel all outstanding DNS queries made by this resolver. The corresponding promises will be rejected with an error with the code ECANCELLED.

dnsPromises.getServers(): string[]

Returns an array of IP address strings, formatted according to RFC 5952, that are currently configured for DNS resolution. A string will include a port section if a custom port is used.

[
  "8.8.8.8",
  "2001:4860:4860::8888",
  "8.8.8.8:1053",
  "[2001:4860:4860::8888]:1053"
]

dnsPromises.lookup(hostname, options?): void

Resolves a host name (e.g. 'nodejs.org') into the first found A (IPv4) or AAAA (IPv6) record. All option properties are optional. If options is an integer, then it must be 4 or 6 – if options is not provided, then either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses, or both, are returned if found.

With the all option set to true, the Promise is resolved with addresses being an array of objects with the properties address and family.

On error, the Promise is rejected with an Error object, where err.code is the error code. Keep in mind that err.code will be set to 'ENOTFOUND' not only when the host name does not exist but also when the lookup fails in other ways such as no available file descriptors.

dnsPromises.lookup() does not necessarily have anything to do with the DNS protocol. The implementation uses an operating system facility that can associate names with addresses and vice versa. This implementation can have subtle but important consequences on the behavior of any Node.js program. Please take some time to consult the Implementation considerations section before using dnsPromises.lookup().

Example usage:

import dns from 'node:dns';
const dnsPromises = dns.promises;
const options = {
  family: 6,
  hints: dns.ADDRCONFIG | dns.V4MAPPED,
};

await dnsPromises.lookup('example.org', options).then((result) => {
  console.log('address: %j family: IPv%s', result.address, result.family);
  // address: "2606:2800:21f:cb07:6820:80da:af6b:8b2c" family: IPv6
});

// When options.all is true, the result will be an Array.
options.all = true;
await dnsPromises.lookup('example.org', options).then((result) => {
  console.log('addresses: %j', result);
  // addresses: [{"address":"2606:2800:21f:cb07:6820:80da:af6b:8b2c","family":6}]
});

const dns = require('node:dns');
const dnsPromises = dns.promises;
const options = {
  family: 6,
  hints: dns.ADDRCONFIG | dns.V4MAPPED,
};

dnsPromises.lookup('example.org', options).then((result) => {
  console.log('address: %j family: IPv%s', result.address, result.family);
  // address: "2606:2800:21f:cb07:6820:80da:af6b:8b2c" family: IPv6
});

// When options.all is true, the result will be an Array.
options.all = true;
dnsPromises.lookup('example.org', options).then((result) => {
  console.log('addresses: %j', result);
  // addresses: [{"address":"2606:2800:21f:cb07:6820:80da:af6b:8b2c","family":6}]
});

dnsPromises.lookupService(address, port): void

Resolves the given address and port into a host name and service using the operating system's underlying getnameinfo implementation.

If address is not a valid IP address, a TypeError will be thrown. The port will be coerced to a number. If it is not a legal port, a TypeError will be thrown.

On error, the Promise is rejected with an Error object, where err.code is the error code.

import dnsPromises from 'node:dns/promises';
const result = await dnsPromises.lookupService('127.0.0.1', 22);

console.log(result.hostname, result.service); // Prints: localhost ssh

const dnsPromises = require('node:dns').promises;
dnsPromises.lookupService('127.0.0.1', 22).then((result) => {
  console.log(result.hostname, result.service);
  // Prints: localhost ssh
});

dnsPromises.resolve(hostname, rrtype?): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve a host name (e.g. 'nodejs.org') into an array of the resource records. When successful, the Promise is resolved with an array of resource records. The type and structure of individual results vary based on rrtype:

On error, the Promise is rejected with an Error object, where err.code is one of the DNS error codes.

dnsPromises.resolve4(hostname, options?): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve IPv4 addresses (A records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of IPv4 addresses (e.g. ['74.125.79.104', '74.125.79.105', '74.125.79.106']).

dnsPromises.resolve6(hostname, options?): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve IPv6 addresses (AAAA records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of IPv6 addresses.

dnsPromises.resolveAny(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve all records (also known as ANY or * query). On success, the Promise is resolved with an array containing various types of records. Each object has a property type that indicates the type of the current record. And depending on the type, additional properties will be present on the object:

Here is an example of the result object:

[ { type: 'A', address: '127.0.0.1', ttl: 299 },
  { type: 'CNAME', value: 'example.com' },
  { type: 'MX', exchange: 'alt4.aspmx.l.example.com', priority: 50 },
  { type: 'NS', value: 'ns1.example.com' },
  { type: 'TXT', entries: [ 'v=spf1 include:_spf.example.com ~all' ] },
  { type: 'SOA',
    nsname: 'ns1.example.com',
    hostmaster: 'admin.example.com',
    serial: 156696742,
    refresh: 900,
    retry: 900,
    expire: 1800,
    minttl: 60 } ];

dnsPromises.resolveCaa(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve CAA records for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of objects containing available certification authority authorization records available for the hostname (e.g. [{critical: 0, iodef: 'mailto:pki@example.com'},{critical: 128, issue: 'pki.example.com'}]).

dnsPromises.resolveCname(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve CNAME records for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of canonical name records available for the hostname (e.g. ['bar.example.com']).

dnsPromises.resolveMx(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve mail exchange records (MX records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of objects containing both a priority and exchange property (e.g. [{priority: 10, exchange: 'mx.example.com'}, ...]).

dnsPromises.resolveNaptr(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve regular expression-based records (NAPTR records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of objects with the following properties:

• flags
• service
• regexp
• replacement
• order
• preference

({
  flags: 's',
  service: 'SIP+D2U',
  regexp: '',
  replacement: '_sip._udp.example.com',
  order: 30,
  preference: 100,
});

dnsPromises.resolveNs(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve name server records (NS records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of name server records available for hostname (e.g. ['ns1.example.com', 'ns2.example.com']).

dnsPromises.resolvePtr(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve pointer records (PTR records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of strings containing the reply records.

dnsPromises.resolveSoa(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve a start of authority record (SOA record) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an object with the following properties:

• nsname
• hostmaster
• serial
• refresh
• retry
• expire
• minttl

({
  nsname: 'ns.example.com',
  hostmaster: 'root.example.com',
  serial: 2013101809,
  refresh: 10000,
  retry: 2400,
  expire: 604800,
  minttl: 3600,
});

dnsPromises.resolveSrv(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve service records (SRV records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of objects with the following properties:

• priority
• weight
• port
• name

({
  priority: 10,
  weight: 5,
  port: 21223,
  name: 'service.example.com',
});

dnsPromises.resolveTlsa(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve certificate associations (TLSA records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with an array of objects with these properties:

• certUsage
• selector
• match
• data

({
  certUsage: 3,
  selector: 1,
  match: 1,
  data: [ArrayBuffer],
});

dnsPromises.resolveTxt(hostname): void

Uses the DNS protocol to resolve text queries (TXT records) for the hostname. On success, the Promise is resolved with a two-dimensional array of the text records available for hostname (e.g. [ ['v=spf1 ip4:0.0.0.0 ', '~all' ] ]). Each sub-array contains TXT chunks of one record. Depending on the use case, these could be either joined together or treated separately.

dnsPromises.reverse(ip): void

Performs a reverse DNS query that resolves an IPv4 or IPv6 address to an array of host names.

On error, the Promise is rejected with an Error object, where err.code is one of the DNS error codes.

dnsPromises.setDefaultResultOrder(order): void

Set the default value of order in dns.lookup() and dnsPromises.lookup(). The value could be:

• ipv4first: sets default order to ipv4first.
• ipv6first: sets default order to ipv6first.
• verbatim: sets default order to verbatim.

The default is verbatim and dnsPromises.setDefaultResultOrder() have higher priority than --dns-result-order. When using worker threads, dnsPromises.setDefaultResultOrder() from the main thread won't affect the default dns orders in workers.

dnsPromises.getDefaultResultOrder(): void

Get the value of dnsOrder.

dnsPromises.setServers(servers): void

Sets the IP address and port of servers to be used when performing DNS resolution. The servers argument is an array of RFC 5952 formatted addresses. If the port is the IANA default DNS port (53) it can be omitted.

dnsPromises.setServers([
  '8.8.8.8',
  '[2001:4860:4860::8888]',
  '8.8.8.8:1053',
  '[2001:4860:4860::8888]:1053',
]);

An error will be thrown if an invalid address is provided.

The dnsPromises.setServers() method must not be called while a DNS query is in progress.

This method works much like resolve.conf. That is, if attempting to resolve with the first server provided results in a NOTFOUND error, the resolve() method will not attempt to resolve with subsequent servers provided. Fallback DNS servers will only be used if the earlier ones time out or result in some other error.